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The Diana Fountain in Bushy Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, is a seventeenth-century statue ensemble and water feature in an eighteenth-century setting with a surrounding pool and mile long tree lined vistas which honors the Roman Goddess Diana. Originally created for Somerset House in the 1630s, and remodelled about 1690, the fountain has stood since 1713 in Bushy Park, and now forms a large traffic island in Chestnut Avenue. It is the focal point of two major vistas designed by Sir Christopher Wren, including Chestnut Avenue which is the ceremonial landward approach to Hampton Court Palace. The traffic island is circular and contains a diameter pool surrounded by lawns, with the Diana statue on a tall base in the middle of the pool. The fountain was listed as Grade II in 1952,〔(Britishlistedbuildings ) retrieved 8 March 2011〕 and in February 2011 reclassified as Grade I. == History == The bronze sculptures were originally commissioned by Charles I for Queen Henrietta Maria's garden at Somerset House in central London. The original design for the fountain was apparently by Inigo Jones, whose sketch drawing survives at Chatsworth House, showing figures recognizably the same as those in place today, but in a different arrangement and in a different stonework setting. The Somerset House base was lower, and the surrounding pool much smaller, enabling a much closer view of the figures than is possible today. The central figure is naked in the drawing, and parts of the design are closely copied from engravings of earlier fountains in Bologna and Augsburg.〔Leapman, pp 232–233; Fisher and Newman〕 The execution of the gilt statue which forms the pinnacle of the tableaux has been attributed to Hubert Le Sueur, and related to payments to him from the king. The other metal sculptures, which are still ungilded, have been attributed to his rival Francesco Fanelli,〔(Twickenham museum ) retrieved 13 June 2010〕 and also to Le Sueur; a mention by John Evelyn in 1662 gave the whole fountain to Fanelli,〔Harris, 444〕 but most historians follow the Royal Parks in preferring the documented involvement of Le Sueur. Preparation of the site had begun in 1633–34, and Le Sueur was given what appears to be his final payment after completion in 1637; Nicholas Stone was also paid for work on the stone elements, which were in black marble.〔Fisher & Newman〕 In the original arrangement, recorded in a drawing of perhaps the 1670s, the figures of the boys, now on the corners, were higher up, at a level between the central female figure above and the sea-monsters carrying women below, and the scallop shells were on the corners, level with the breasts of the four female figures, catching water spouting from the fish held by the boys.〔Little, 55; Harris 444〕 During the English Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell had the fountain relocated to the privy garden at Hampton Court Palace, where this and other such works were not popular with all his supporters; he was urged by a Mrs Nethaway to "Demolish these monsters that are set up as ornaments".〔Worsley and Souden, p. 55〕 It is in an inventory of 1659 that the central figure is first called "Arethusa". After 1689 William and Mary commissioned Sir Christopher Wren to rebuild and expand much of Hampton Court Palace, and this eventually included the creation of Chestnut Avenue with its centrepiece the Diana Fountain as the grand approach to the Palace crossing Bushy Park. Wren, supervising William Talman, completed this part of the project in 1713 during the reign of Queen Anne. The top, scrolled part of the current base, and so the current rearrangement of the figures, is by Edward Pierce, in about 1690, when the sculptures were still in the privy garden, although the fountain was removed from there and put in storage in 1701. The lower rusticated part, "disproportionately tall",〔Little, 64〕 was erected for the new site in Bushy Park, and the central figure was gilded, apparently for the first time, for its re-erection.〔Fisher & Newman; Longstaffe-Gowan & Russell, p. 155〕 The female figure on top of the fountain "has over her long life been known as Diana, Arethusa, Venus and even Prosperina", and recently "some younger visitors" take her for Diana, Princess of Wales.〔Longstaffe-Gowan and Russell, p. 171〕 The official view is now firmly that she represents Arethusa, although the fountain continues to be known as the "Diana Fountain", and dissident views are still held by some parties.〔(Royal Parks attribute the gilded statue as Arethusa ) retrieved 12 June 2010〕〔(Friends of Bushy and Home Parks consider her to be the "Great Diana" purchased by Charles I for £200 ) retrieved 12 June 2010〕〔(Chapter xx history of Hampton Court Palace ) retrieved 9 March 2011〕 Charles I had the Longford River dug from the River Colne to Hampton Court Palace in order to power the palace water features,〔Hampton and Teddington past, p 49, retrieved 24 May 2011〕 and in 1713 Sir Christopher Wren utilised this water to give the complex a set of gravity fed water spouts. In the 297 years after the statue was relocated to its current site in the park, many of the waterspouts became clogged and only four were functioning before the renovations of 2009/10. During World War II the pool was drained and part of Chestnut Avenue was used for Camp Griffiss, the first headquarters of SHAEF and the base where D-Day was planned. The base closed in the 1950s and Chestnut Avenue was subsequently restored.〔(Richmond and Twickenham Times ) retrieved 9 March 2011〕 The complex was renovated in 2010 and the main statue was re-gilded.〔(Hounslowchronicle ) retrieved 8 March 2011〕 File:Somerset House by Kip 1722.JPG|Somerset House and gardens in 1722, after the fountain had been moved File:The Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace - geograph.org.uk - 260428.jpg|The Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace File:The Arethusa Diana Fountain, Bushy Park, Surrey, England. (874343341).jpg|Prior to restoration, the central statue ungilded and most waterspouts were blocked File:Dry Diana Fountain - geograph.org.uk - 1613616.jpg|The pool was drained during the restoration File:Diana - geograph.org.uk - 1613627.jpg|Diana being returned after restoration 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diana Fountain, Bushy Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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